Norovirus

Noroviruses cause vomiting and diarrheal illnesses in people of all ages. They are the most common cause of stomach infections in children in Finland, with as many as 1,500 children requiring hospitalization each year due to norovirus infection. Worldwide, approximately 71,000 children under five die annually from norovirus infections. Although such deaths are rare in developed countries, the virus can be life-threatening for elderly individuals with long-term illnesses.

Norovirus epidemics occur throughout the year, with the highest incidence in winter. In recent years, norovirus has become known for outbreaks linked to contaminated water sources and cruise ships. The virus spreads very easily from person to person and can remain infectious on toys and textiles for several days. Infection can also be acquired through contaminated water or food.

Symptoms are typically intense: vomiting and diarrhea may last for several days. Common accompanying symptoms include fever and stomach pain. There is no targeted treatment or antibiotic cure for norovirus infection. The main treatment focuses on rehydration and managing fever.

Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent norovirus infection. A vaccine has been in use against another common childhood diarrheal disease, rotavirus, since the fall of 2009.